Tech Innovation for Every Ability
TIPS4FAMILIES | A bright side of tech innovation right now is in helping the differently abled live better lives. Here’s what is new, what to consider, and how we promote diversity from the start…
From mobility aids to communication tools, AI and other innovations are creating possibilities that change lives. It’s one of the most positive aspects of AI advancement. And, the best part is that by advocating for accessible design, affordability, and collaboration with disabled communities, while also prioritizing data privacy and safety, we can create a more inclusive, empowered world that benefits all of us, and at every phase of our lives.
What’s New
Here are a few exciting advancements changing lives today.
AI-Powered Communication Aids
For individuals with speech impairments or non-verbal conditions such as cerebral palsy or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), AI-powered communication devices are literally giving them back their voice.
Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices, equipped with AI, allow users to type or select symbols that are then converted into speech. This is the type of technology used by Congresswoman Jennifer Wexton (D-VA) recently.
There are also systems, such as Tobii Dynavox, that integrate eye-tracking technology and AI to allow individuals to control a computer or speech device using just their gaze.
Another breakthrough is in predictive text systems, such as those that were used by the late Stephen Hawking. These systems use AI to predict the words or phrases users are likely to need based on context, which can go far toward improving the speed and ease of communication.
It’s only the start. Improvement in AI's natural language processing could make these systems even more intuitive. For example, AI could learn from users’ specific language patterns, cultural context, or habits, creating highly personalized communication aids.
Smart Homes Technology
For individuals with mobility impairments, or age-related disabilities, smart home technologies can bring greater independence.
Voice-activated assistants like Amazon Alexa and Google Assistant allow users to control lights, doors, and appliances with voice commands, allowing individuals with limited mobility to manage day-to-day tasks.
There are also new smart wheelchairs powered by AI, such as the Whill Autonomous Power Chair, which uses sensors and mapping technologies to allow users to navigate spaces independently, adjusting in real-time to avoid obstacles, and safely move through more complex environments.
AI for Visual Impairments
AI-driven technologies are also making the world more navigable for individuals who are blind or have low vision. Apps like Microsoft’s Seeing AI use a smartphone camera and AI to describe surroundings, read text, and even identify people by their voices. Similarly, OrCam MyEye is a wearable device that uses AI to interpret visual information and relay it audibly in real time.
The challenge for AI developers is to create more dynamic, context-aware systems. For example, advancements in computer vision could allow devices to describe static surroundings and provide real-time feedback on dynamic scenarios, such as an approaching car or a crowd.
In addition, combining AI vision tools with tactile feedback, such as braille wearables, could offer a multisensory approach to improving navigation and accessibility.
AI and Cognitive Assistance
For individuals with cognitive impairments, including those on the autism spectrum, or with conditions like Down syndrome, AI can also improve daily functioning. Apps like Brain in Hand provide personalized reminders, anxiety management, and real-time assistance by combining AI and human support. This can help with tasks that involve planning, and problem-solving.
AI will continue to get better at understanding neurodiverse behavior patterns; even on an individual basis and in collaboration with mental health professionals, educators and neurodiverse communities. For instance, by analyzing an individual’s specific triggers or challenges, AI could provide customized solutions for managing anxiety, improving focus, or organizing complex tasks.
Advances in Mobility Technology
Going one mind-blowing step farther are AI-powered exoskeletons that give individuals with spinal cord injuries or degenerative diseases like multiple sclerosis a chance to regain mobility.
Devices like the EksoGT and ReWalk use AI to interpret a user’s movements and then assist in walking, improving mobility, and ultimately supporting rehabilitation. Similarly, prosthetic limbs equipped with AI and machine learning can adapt to their user’s movements, offering smoother, more intuitive control.
Ultimately, instead of waiting for a physical cue, AI-driven systems could learn the user’s patterns and movements to then anticipate actions resulting in more natural movement support. The technology can also integrate with Brain Computer Interface (BCI) technology to give users more control of prosthetics or exoskeletons directly through brain signals.
We Can Advocate for More
While AI and innovative technologies are improving accessibility, there are still barriers that prevent these advancements from reaching those in need.
But there are numerous things that can be done, including:
Developing products with accessibility considered at the idea stage. By adopting universal design principles — designing products that are usable by the widest range of people, regardless of ability — everyone can benefit from a wider range of products.
Involving disabled people in the design and testing process. Their lived experiences provide invaluable insights into how technology can best serve their needs.
Making innovation more affordable and accessible. Many of the most advanced assistive technologies are prohibitively expensive. Advocacy efforts should focus on making these tools more affordable and ensuring insurance coverage or government support for assistive devices.
Considering accessibility when creating laws and policies. While governments and regulatory bodies take on tech policy, these advancements will only thrive if accessibility is considered. It will also help to dedicate funding to research, and incentivize companies to develop inclusive technologies.
Bringing the public along. Finally, educating the public on how AI and assistive technologies can benefit people with disabilities will increase demand for these innovations. Raising awareness about the capabilities of AI in accessibility can also drive key investment in this innovation.
The Flip Side: When AI Leave Groups Behind
Some of the most exciting innovations can fail when used by those with physical, cognitive, or sensory disabilities. All the most exciting innovation can have the capacity to exclude rather than include. But there are ways to navigate while awareness of the public helps turn the trend around. For instance:
Facial Recognition Technology
While these systems are becoming more common in security, authentication (e.g., unlocking smartphones), and even public surveillance, there are several instances where it might not work properly. Including:
Those with congenital conditions like cleft palate or facial scarring;
People in wheelchairs who are not at the expected height for a facial recognition camera;
Those who are blind or have low vision can struggle with the auditory or tactile feedback required to use the tools properly;
And finally, those on the autism spectrum may have facial expressions or muscle tone differences that challenge recognition systems, particularly those that rely on expressions for identity confirmation.
Solutions
Short-term, users with disabilities can look for devices and systems that offer alternative authentication methods, such as fingerprint, iris scans, or password options, rather than relying solely on facial recognition. But there is no reason for developers to not also focus on adjusting products to account for facial differences or allow modifications for different body postures or eye movements.
Voice Assistants
Voice-controlled devices like Amazon Alexa, Google Assistant, and Apple’s Siri also may not always work well for individuals with speech disabilities, or those who speak with accents or voice variances due to conditions like cerebral palsy, ALS, or Down syndrome.
Voice assistants can also fail to recognize commands from people with slurred, non-standard speech patterns, or slow delivery.
Users with hearing impairments may also struggle if the device fails to distinguish between their voice and background noise, requiring them to speak loudly or close to the device, which isn't always feasible.
Solutions
For anyone in this situation, look for voice assistants that allow customization, where the AI learns to recognize the user’s specific speech patterns over time. Google Assistant, for instance, offers some speech model training.
The good news: AI models that recognize and adapt to different speech patterns, tones, and speeds, benefiting not just people with disabilities but a broader user base.
Touchscreen Interfaces
Touchscreen technology is widely used in everything from smartphones to ATMs and point-of-sale systems. However, these systems can present challenges for individuals with certain disabilities.
Users with limited dexterity, such as those with Parkinson’s disease, cerebral palsy, or arthritis, may find it difficult to use touchscreens that require precise finger movements.
Touchscreens without tactile feedback or voice assistance can be completely inaccessible to users who are blind or have low vision.
For individuals with intellectual or developmental disabilities, navigating complex touchscreen interfaces can be overwhelming, leading to frequent errors.
Solutions
Users can look for devices or software that provide alternative inputs, such as voice commands, switch controls, or gesture-based controls (for users with motor impairments).
Screen reader compatibility is essential for those with visual impairments. Ensure that the device or system can work with a screen reader like VoiceOver (iOS) or TalkBack(Android).
Advocate for better UX design in public kiosks, ATMs, or websites that incorporate touchscreen technology. Ensuring that such systems have text-to-speech capabilities, customizable UI elements, or physical buttons as alternatives can make them more inclusive.
Virtual and Augmented Reality (VR/AR)
Virtual and augmented reality are increasingly being used for everything from gaming to training and therapy. However, many of these systems are inaccessible to individuals with disabilities.
Most VR and AR systems rely heavily on vision. Users who are blind or have low vision may find it impossible to engage with these experiences.
Interactions in VR/AR often require physical movements, such as reaching out to grab virtual objects or manipulating a controller, which can be difficult for users with mobility impairments.
For individuals with cognitive disabilities or those on the autism spectrum, the immersive nature of VR/AR environments may lead to sensory overload, causing discomfort or confusion.
Solutions
When exploring VR or AR systems, users with disabilities should look for systems that offer adaptive controls, such as eye-tracking, brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), or joystick controllers.
Users should also seek VR experiences that allow adjustments in sensitivity, audio levels, and visual complexity to avoid sensory overload.
VR and AR developers need to invest in creating haptic feedback systems or auditory cues that can guide users who are visually impaired. Users can engage with companies and support organizations that push for inclusive experiences in these emerging technologies.
Wearable Technology
Wearable tech like fitness trackers, smartwatches, and health monitoring devices often come with limitations for individuals with disabilities.
Wearables like the Apple Watch or Fitbit are designed for able-bodied users. People with limb differences or who use prosthetics may find these devices difficult to wear or use.
Health metrics may not be as accurate for individuals with certain disabilities. For instance, heart rate monitors can struggle with people who have conditions that cause irregular heartbeats or those who use assistive devices like wheelchairs, which alters movement patterns.
Solutions
Look for wearables that offer adaptable designs, such as adjustable bands or different attachment methods. Some companies are beginning to offer accessible designs that can be worn on different body parts.
Users should investigate devices that account for non-standard mobility patterns, such as wheelchair-compatible fitness trackers that can accurately assess activity levels.
Wearables should integrate with voice assistants, haptic feedback, and other accessible features for users who may struggle with small screens or touch-based interfaces.
What’s Next
It’s clear that our voices and input on these types of advancements must come now. As the market for accessibility becomes more robust, we can all participate in ensuring it achieves maximum benefit without compromising privacy or safety.